std::filesystem:: begin (directory_iterator) , std::filesystem:: end (directory_iterator)

From cppreference.com
Defined in header <filesystem>
directory_iterator begin ( directory_iterator iter ) noexcept ;
(1) (since C++17)
directory_iterator end ( directory_iterator ) noexcept ;
(2) (since C++17)
1) Returns iter unchanged.
2) Returns a default-constructed directory_iterator , which serves as the end iterator. The argument is ignored.

These non-member functions enable the use of directory_iterator s with range-based for loops and make directory_iterator a range type (since C++20) .

Parameters

iter - a directory_iterator

Return value

1) iter unchanged.
2) End iterator (default-constructed directory_iterator ).

Example

#include <filesystem>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
namespace fs = std::filesystem;
 
int main()
{
    fs::create_directories("sandbox/a/b");
    std::ofstream("sandbox/file1.txt");
    std::ofstream("sandbox/file2.txt");
    for (auto& p : fs::directory_iterator("sandbox"))
        std::cout << p << '\n';
    fs::remove_all("sandbox");
}

Possible output:

"sandbox/a"
"sandbox/file1.txt"
"sandbox/file2.txt"

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 3480 C++17 end took the argument by reference takes the argument by value

See also

range-based for loop support
(function)