Numerics library
The C++ numerics library includes common mathematical functions and types, as well as optimized numeric arrays and support for random number generation.
Mathematical functions and types
Common mathematical functions
The header <cmath> provides standard C library mathematical functions such as std::fabs , std::sqrt , and std::sin .
Mathematical special functions (since C++17)
The header <cmath> also provides several mathematical special functions such as std::beta , std::hermite , and std::cyl_bessel_i .
Mathematical constants (since C++20)
The header <numbers> provides several mathematical constants, such as std::numbers::pi or std::numbers::sqrt2
Basic linear algebra algorithms (since C++26)
The header <linalg> provides basic linear algebra algorithms which are based on BLAS.
Data-parallel types (since C++26)
The header <simd> provides portable types for explicitly stating data-parallelism and structuring data for more efficient SIMD access.
Complex number arithmetic
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Defined in header
<complex>
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a complex number type
(class template) |
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Numeric arrays
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Defined in header
<valarray>
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numeric arrays, array masks and array slices
(class template) |
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Numeric algorithms
The header <numeric> provides numeric algorithms below:
Factor operations
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Defined in header
<numeric>
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(C++17)
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computes the greatest common divisor of two integers
(function template) |
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(C++17)
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computes the least common multiple of two integers
(function template) |
Interpolation operations
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Defined in header
<numeric>
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(C++20)
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midpoint between two numbers or pointers
(function template) |
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Defined in header
<cmath>
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(C++20)
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linear interpolation function
(function) |
Saturation arithmetic (since C++26)
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Defined in header
<numeric>
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(C++26)
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saturating addition operation on two integers
(function template) |
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(C++26)
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saturating subtraction operation on two integers
(function template) |
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(C++26)
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saturating multiplication operation on two integers
(function template) |
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(C++26)
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saturating division operation on two integers
(function template) |
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(C++26)
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returns an integer value clamped to the range of a another integer type
(function template) |
Numeric operations
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Defined in header
<numeric>
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(C++11)
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fills a range with successive increments of the starting value
(function template) |
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(C++23)
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fills a range with successive increments of the starting value
(algorithm function object) |
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sums up or folds a range of elements
(function template) |
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(C++17)
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similar to
std::accumulate
, except out of order
(function template) |
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(C++17)
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applies an invocable, then reduces out of order
(function template) |
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computes the inner product of two ranges of elements
(function template) |
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computes the differences between adjacent elements in a range
(function template) |
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computes the partial sum of a range of elements
(function template) |
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(C++17)
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similar to
std::partial_sum
, includes the
i
th
input element in the
i
th
sum
(function template) |
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(C++17)
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similar to
std::partial_sum
, excludes the
i
th
input element from the
i
th
sum
(function template) |
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(C++17)
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applies an invocable, then calculates inclusive scan
(function template) |
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(C++17)
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applies an invocable, then calculates exclusive scan
(function template) |
Miscellanous
Pseudo-random number generation
The header <random> defines pseudo-random number generators and numerical distributions . The header <cstdlib> also includes C-style random number generation via std::srand and std::rand .
Floating-point environment (since C++11)
The header <cfenv> defines flags and functions related to exceptional floating-point state , such as overflow and division by zero.
Bit manipulation (since C++20)
The header <bit> provides several function templates to access, manipulate, and process individual bits and bit sequences.
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Defined in header
<bit>
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Defined in namespace
std
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(C++20)
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reinterpret the object representation of one type as that of another
(function template) |
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(C++23)
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reverses the bytes in the given integer value
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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checks if a number is an integral power of
2
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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finds the smallest integral power of two not less than the given value
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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finds the largest integral power of two not greater than the given value
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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finds the smallest number of bits needed to represent the given value
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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computes the result of bitwise left-rotation
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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computes the result of bitwise right-rotation
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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counts the number of consecutive
0
bits, starting from the most significant bit
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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counts the number of consecutive
1
bits, starting from the most significant bit
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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counts the number of consecutive
0
bits, starting from the least significant bit
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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counts the number of consecutive
1
bits, starting from the least significant bit
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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counts the number of
1
bits in an unsigned integer
(function template) |
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(C++20)
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indicates the endianness of scalar types
(enum) |
See also
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C documentation
for
Numerics
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