std::ranges:: rbegin

Returns an iterator to the last element of the argument.

If T is an array type and std:: remove_all_extents_t < std:: remove_reference_t < T >> is incomplete, then the call to ranges::rbegin is ill-formed, no diagnostic required.

If the argument is an lvalue or ranges:: enable_borrowed_range < std:: remove_cv_t < T >> is true , then a call to ranges::rbegin is expression-equivalent to:

1. decay-copy ( t. rbegin ( ) ) (until C++23) auto ( t. rbegin ( ) ) (since C++23) , if that expression is valid and its type models std::input_or_output_iterator .
2. Otherwise, decay-copy ( rbegin ( t ) ) (until C++23) auto ( rbegin ( t ) ) (since C++23) , if T is a class or enumeration type, that expression is valid and its type models std::input_or_output_iterator , where the meaning of rbegin is established as if by performing argument-dependent lookup only.
3. Otherwise, std:: make_reverse_iterator ( ranges:: end ( t ) ) if both ranges:: begin ( t ) and ranges:: end ( t ) are valid expressions, have the same type, and that type models std::bidirectional_iterator .

In all other cases, a call to ranges::rbegin is ill-formed, which can result in substitution failure when ranges :: rbegin ( t ) appears in the immediate context of a template instantiation.

Customization point objects

The name ranges::rbegin denotes a customization point object , which is a const function object of a literal semiregular class type. For exposition purposes, the cv-unqualified version of its type is denoted as __rbegin_fn .

All instances of __rbegin_fn are equal. The effects of invoking different instances of type __rbegin_fn on the same arguments are equivalent, regardless of whether the expression denoting the instance is an lvalue or rvalue, and is const-qualified or not (however, a volatile-qualified instance is not required to be invocable). Thus, ranges::rbegin can be copied freely and its copies can be used interchangeably.

Given a set of types Args... , if std:: declval < Args > ( ) ... meet the requirements for arguments to ranges::rbegin above, __rbegin_fn models

• std:: invocable < __rbegin_fn, Args... > ,
• std:: invocable < const __rbegin_fn, Args... > ,
• std:: invocable < __rbegin_fn & , Args... > , and
• std:: invocable < const __rbegin_fn & , Args... > .
  

Otherwise, no function call operator of __rbegin_fn participates in overload resolution.

Notes

If the argument is an rvalue (i.e. T is an object type) and ranges:: enable_borrowed_range < std:: remove_cv_t < T >> is false , the call to ranges::rbegin is ill-formed, which also results in substitution failure.

The return type models std::input_or_output_iterator in all cases.

The C++20 standard requires that if the underlying rbegin function call returns a prvalue, the return value is move-constructed from the materialized temporary object. All implementations directly return the prvalue instead. The requirement is corrected by the post-C++20 proposal P0849R8 to match the implementations.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <span>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v = {3, 1, 4};
    auto vi = std::ranges::rbegin(v);
    std::cout << *vi << '\n';
    *vi = 42; // OK
 
    int a[] = {-5, 10, 15};
    auto ai = std::ranges::rbegin(a);
    std::cout << *ai << '\n';
    *ai = 42; // OK
 
    // auto x_x = std::ranges::rbegin(std::vector{6, 6, 6});
    // ill-formed: the argument is an rvalue (see Notes ↑)
 
    auto si = std::ranges::rbegin(std::span{a}); // OK
    static_assert(std::ranges::enable_borrowed_range<
        std::remove_cv_t<decltype(std::span{a})>>);
    *si = 42; // OK
}

4
15

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

See also