Common mathematical functions

Functions

Defined in header <stdlib.h>
abs labs llabs (C99)	computes absolute value of an integral value ( \(\small{|x|}\) |x| ) (function)
div ldiv lldiv (C99)	computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function)
Defined in header <inttypes.h>
imaxabs (C99)	computes absolute value of an integral value ( \(\small{|x|}\) |x| ) (function)
imaxdiv (C99)	computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function)
Defined in header <math.h>
Basic operations
fabs fabsf fabsl (C99) (C99)	computes absolute value of a floating-point value ( \(\small{|x|}\) |x| ) (function)
fmod fmodf fmodl (C99) (C99)	computes remainder of the floating-point division operation (function)
remainder remainderf remainderl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes signed remainder of the floating-point division operation (function)
remquo remquof remquol (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation (function)
fma fmaf fmal (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes fused multiply-add operation (function)
fmax fmaxf fmaxl (C99) (C99) (C99)	determines larger of two floating-point values (function)
fmin fminf fminl (C99) (C99) (C99)	determines smaller of two floating-point values (function)
fdim fdimf fdiml (C99) (C99) (C99)	determines positive difference of two floating-point values ( \({\small\max{(0, x-y)} }\) max(0, x-y) ) (function)
nan nanf nanl (C99) (C99) (C99)	returns a NaN (not-a-number) (function)
Exponential functions
exp expf expl (C99) (C99)	computes e raised to the given power ( \({\small e^x}\) e x ) (function)
exp2 exp2f exp2l (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes 2 raised to the given power ( \({\small 2^x}\) 2 x ) (function)
expm1 expm1f expm1l (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes e raised to the given power, minus one ( \({\small e^x-1}\) e x -1 ) (function)
log logf logl (C99) (C99)	computes natural (base- e ) logarithm ( \({\small \ln{x} }\) ln(x) ) (function)
log10 log10f log10l (C99) (C99)	computes common (base- 10 ) logarithm ( \({\small \log_{10}{x} }\) log 10 (x) ) (function)
log2 log2f log2l (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes base-2 logarithm ( \({\small \log_{2}{x} }\) log 2 (x) ) (function)
log1p log1pf log1pl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes natural (base- e ) logarithm of 1 plus the given number ( \({\small \ln{(1+x)} }\) ln(1+x) ) (function)
Power functions
pow powf powl (C99) (C99)	computes a number raised to the given power ( \(\small{x^y}\) x y ) (function)
sqrt sqrtf sqrtl (C99) (C99)	computes square root ( \(\small{\sqrt{x} }\) √ x ) (function)
cbrt cbrtf cbrtl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes cube root ( \(\small{\sqrt[3]{x} }\) 3 √ x ) (function)
hypot hypotf hypotl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers ( \(\scriptsize{\sqrt{x^2+y^2} }\) √ x 2 +y 2 ) (function)
Trigonometric functions
sin sinf sinl (C99) (C99)	computes sine ( \({\small\sin{x} }\) sin(x) ) (function)
cos cosf cosl (C99) (C99)	computes cosine ( \({\small\cos{x} }\) cos(x) ) (function)
tan tanf tanl (C99) (C99)	computes tangent ( \({\small\tan{x} }\) tan(x) ) (function)
asin asinf asinl (C99) (C99)	computes arc sine ( \({\small\arcsin{x} }\) arcsin(x) ) (function)
acos acosf acosl (C99) (C99)	computes arc cosine ( \({\small\arccos{x} }\) arccos(x) ) (function)
atan atanf atanl (C99) (C99)	computes arc tangent ( \({\small\arctan{x} }\) arctan(x) ) (function)
atan2 atan2f atan2l (C99) (C99)	computes arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants (function)
Hyperbolic functions
sinh sinhf sinhl (C99) (C99)	computes hyperbolic sine ( \({\small\sinh{x} }\) sinh(x) ) (function)
cosh coshf coshl (C99) (C99)	computes hyperbolic cosine ( \({\small\cosh{x} }\) cosh(x) ) (function)
tanh tanhf tanhl (C99) (C99)	computes hyperbolic tangent ( \({\small\tanh{x} }\) tanh(x) ) (function)
asinh asinhf asinhl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes inverse hyperbolic sine ( \({\small\operatorname{arsinh}{x} }\) arsinh(x) ) (function)
acosh acoshf acoshl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes inverse hyperbolic cosine ( \({\small\operatorname{arcosh}{x} }\) arcosh(x) ) (function)
atanh atanhf atanhl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes inverse hyperbolic tangent ( \({\small\operatorname{artanh}{x} }\) artanh(x) ) (function)
Error and gamma functions
erf erff erfl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes error function (function)
erfc erfcf erfcl (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes complementary error function (function)
tgamma tgammaf tgammal (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes gamma function (function)
lgamma lgammaf lgammal (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes natural (base- e ) logarithm of the gamma function (function)
Nearest integer floating-point operations
ceil ceilf ceill (C99) (C99)	computes smallest integer not less than the given value (function)
floor floorf floorl (C99) (C99)	computes largest integer not greater than the given value (function)
trunc truncf truncl (C99) (C99) (C99)	rounds to nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)
round roundf roundl lround lroundf lroundl llround llroundf llroundl (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99)	rounds to nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases (function)
nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl (C99) (C99) (C99)	rounds to an integer using current rounding mode (function)
rint rintf rintl lrint lrintf lrintl llrint llrintf llrintl (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99)	rounds to an integer using current rounding mode with exception if the result differs (function)
Floating-point manipulation functions
frexp frexpf frexpl (C99) (C99)	breaks a number into significand and a power of 2 (function)
ldexp ldexpf ldexpl (C99) (C99)	multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power (function)
modf modff modfl (C99) (C99)	breaks a number into integer and fractional parts (function)
scalbn scalbnf scalbnl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99)	computes efficiently a number times FLT_RADIX raised to a power (function)
ilogb ilogbf ilogbl (C99) (C99) (C99)	extracts exponent of the given number (function)
logb logbf logbl (C99) (C99) (C99)	extracts exponent of the given number (function)
nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99)	determines next representable floating-point value towards the given value (function)
copysign copysignf copysignl (C99) (C99) (C99)	produces a value with the magnitude of a given value and the sign of another given value (function)
Classification and comparison
fpclassify (C99)	classifies the given floating-point value (function macro)
isfinite (C99)	checks if the given number has finite value (function macro)
isinf (C99)	checks if the given number is infinite (function macro)
isnan (C99)	checks if the given number is NaN (function macro)
isnormal (C99)	checks if the given number is normal (function macro)
signbit (C99)	checks if the given number is negative (function macro)
isgreater (C99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second (function macro)
isgreaterequal (C99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second (function macro)
isless (C99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second (function macro)
islessequal (C99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second (function macro)
islessgreater (C99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second (function macro)
isunordered (C99)	checks if two floating-point values are unordered (function macro)

Types

Defined in header <stdlib.h>
div_t	structure type, return of the div function (typedef)
ldiv_t	structure type, return of the ldiv function (typedef)
lldiv_t (C99)	structure type, return of the lldiv function (typedef)
Defined in header <inttypes.h>
imaxdiv_t (C99)	structure type, return of the imaxdiv function (typedef)
Defined in header <math.h>
float_t double_t (C99) (C99)	most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float or double (typedef)

Macro constants

Defined in header <math.h>
HUGE_VALF HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALL (C99) (C99)	indicates value too big to be representable (infinity) by float , double and long double respectively (macro constant)
INFINITY (C99)	evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float (macro constant)
NAN (C99)	evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float (macro constant)
FP_FAST_FMAF FP_FAST_FMA FP_FAST_FMAL (C99) (C99) (C99)	indicates that the fma function generally executes about as fast as, or faster than, a multiply and an add of double operands (macro constant)
FP_ILOGB0 FP_ILOGBNAN (C99) (C99)	evaluates to ilogb(x) if x is zero or NaN, respectively (macro constant)
math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO MATH_ERREXCEPT (C99) (C99) (C99)	defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions (macro constant)
Classification
FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO FP_INFINITE FP_NAN (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99) (C99)	indicates a floating-point category (macro constant)

References

See also

C++ documentation for Common mathematical functions