tanh, tanhf, tanhl

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Defined in header <math.h>
float tanhf ( float arg ) ;
(1) (since C99)
double tanh ( double arg ) ;
(2)
long double tanhl ( long double arg ) ;
(3) (since C99)
Defined in header <tgmath.h>
#define tanh( arg )
(4) (since C99)
1-3) Computes the hyperbolic tangent of arg .
4) Type-generic macro: If the argument has type long double , tanhl is called. Otherwise, if the argument has integer type or the type double , tanh is called. Otherwise, tanhf is called. If the argument is complex, then the macro invokes the corresponding complex function ( ctanhf , ctanh , ctanhl ).

Parameters

arg - floating-point value representing a hyperbolic angle

Return value

If no errors occur, the hyperbolic tangent of arg ( tanh(arg) , or
e arg -e -arg
e arg +e -arg
) is returned.

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling .

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

  • If the argument is ±0, ±0 is returned.
  • If the argument is ±∞, ±1 is returned.
  • If the argument is NaN, NaN is returned.

Notes

POSIX specifies that in case of underflow, arg is returned unmodified, and if that is not supported, an implementation-defined value no greater than DBL_MIN , FLT_MIN , and LDBL_MIN is returned.

Example

Run this code 
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    printf("tanh(1) = %f\ntanh(-1) = %f\n", tanh(1), tanh(-1));
    printf("tanh(0.1)*sinh(0.2)-cosh(0.2) = %f\n", tanh(0.1) * sinh(0.2) - cosh(0.2));
    // special values
    printf("tanh(+0) = %f\ntanh(-0) = %f\n", tanh(0.0), tanh(-0.0));
}

Output: 

tanh(1) = 0.761594
tanh(-1) = -0.761594
tanh(0.1)*sinh(0.2)-cosh(0.2) = -1.000000
tanh(+0) = 0.000000
tanh(-0) = -0.000000

References

  • C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):
  • 7.12.5.6 The tanh functions (p: TBD)
  • 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: TBD)
  • F.10.2.6 The tanh functions (p: TBD)
  • C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
  • 7.12.5.6 The tanh functions (p: TBD)
  • 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: TBD)
  • F.10.2.6 The tanh functions (p: TBD)
  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
  • 7.12.5.6 The tanh functions (p: 242)
  • 7.25 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 373-375)
  • F.10.2.6 The tanh functions (p: 520)
  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
  • 7.12.5.6 The tanh functions (p: 222-223)
  • 7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> (p: 335-337)
  • F.9.2.6 The tanh functions (p: 457)
  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
  • 4.5.3.3 The tanh function

See also

(C99) (C99)
computes hyperbolic sine ( sinh(x) )
(function)
(C99) (C99)
computes hyperbolic cosine ( cosh(x) )
(function)
(C99) (C99) (C99)
computes inverse hyperbolic tangent ( artanh(x) )
(function)
(C99) (C99) (C99)
computes the complex hyperbolic tangent
(function)
C++ documentation for tanh
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