std::optional<T>:: value_or

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Utilities library
General utilities
Relational operators (deprecated in C++20)
template < class U >
constexpr T value_or ( U && default_value ) const & ;
(1) (since C++17)
template < class U >
constexpr T value_or ( U && default_value ) && ;
(2) (since C++17)

Returns the contained value if * this has a value, otherwise returns default_value .

1) Equivalent to bool ( * this ) ? ** this : static_cast < T > ( std:: forward < U > ( default_value ) ) .
2) Equivalent to bool ( * this ) ? std :: move ( ** this ) : static_cast < T > ( std:: forward < U > ( default_value ) ) .

Parameters

default_value - the value to use in case * this is empty
Type requirements
-
T must meet the requirements of CopyConstructible in order to use overload (1).
-
T must meet the requirements of MoveConstructible in order to use overload (2).
-
U&& must be convertible to T .

Return value

The current value if * this has a value, or default_value otherwise.

Exceptions

Any exception thrown by the selected constructor of the return value T .

Example

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <optional>
 
std::optional<const char*> maybe_getenv(const char* n)
{
    if (const char* x = std::getenv(n))
        return x;
    else
        return {};
}
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << maybe_getenv("SHELL").value_or("(none)") << '\n';
    std::cout << maybe_getenv("MYPWD").value_or("(none)") << '\n';
}

Possible output:

/usr/bin/zsh
(none)

See also

returns the contained value
(public member function)