std:: logb, std:: logbf, std:: logbl

Formally, the unbiased exponent is the signed integral part of log r |num| (returned by this function as a floating-point value), for non-zero num , where r is std:: numeric_limits < T > :: radix and T is the floating-point type of num . If num is subnormal, it is treated as though it was normalized.

Parameters

Return value

If no errors occur, the unbiased exponent of num is returned as a signed floating-point value.

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned.

If a pole error occurs, -HUGE_VAL , -HUGE_VALF , or -HUGE_VALL is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling .

Domain or range error may occur if num is zero.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• If num is ±0, -∞ is returned and FE_DIVBYZERO is raised.
• If num is ±∞, +∞ is returned.
• If num is NaN, NaN is returned.
• In all other cases, the result is exact ( FE_INEXACT is never raised) and the current rounding mode is ignored.

Notes

POSIX requires that a pole error occurs if num is ±0.

The value of the exponent returned by std::logb is always 1 less than the exponent returned by std::frexp because of the different normalization requirements: for the exponent e returned by std::logb , |num*r -e | is between 1 and r (typically between 1 and 2 ), but for the exponent e returned by std::frexp , |num*2 -e | is between 0.5 and 1 .

The additional overloads are not required to be provided exactly as (A) . They only need to be sufficient to ensure that for their argument num of integer type, std :: logb ( num ) has the same effect as std :: logb ( static_cast < double > ( num ) ) .

Example

#include <cfenv>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
int main()
{
    double f = 123.45;
    std::cout << "Given the number " << f << " or " << std::hexfloat
              << f << std::defaultfloat << " in hex,\n";
 
    double f3;
    double f2 = std::modf(f, &f3);
    std::cout << "modf() makes " << f3 << " + " << f2 << '\n';
 
    int i;
    f2 = std::frexp(f, &i);
    std::cout << "frexp() makes " << f2 << " * 2^" << i << '\n';
 
    i = std::ilogb(f);
    std::cout << "logb()/ilogb() make " << f / std::scalbn(1.0, i) << " * "
              << std::numeric_limits<double>::radix
              << "^" << std::ilogb(f) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
 
    std::cout << "logb(0) = " << std::logb(0) << '\n';
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_DIVBYZERO))
        std::cout << "    FE_DIVBYZERO raised\n";
}

Given the number 123.45 or 0x1.edccccccccccdp+6 in hex,
modf() makes 123 + 0.45
frexp() makes 0.964453 * 2^7
logb()/ilogb() make 1.92891 * 2^6
logb(0) = -Inf
    FE_DIVBYZERO raised

See also