std:: acosh (std::complex)

Computes complex arc hyperbolic cosine of a complex value z with branch cut at values less than 1 along the real axis.

Parameters

Return value

If no errors occur, the complex arc hyperbolic cosine of z is returned, in the range of a half-strip of nonnegative values along the real axis and in the interval [−iπ; +iπ] along the imaginary axis.

Error handling and special values

Errors are reported consistent with math_errhandling .

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic,

• std:: acosh ( std:: conj ( z ) ) == std:: conj ( std:: acosh ( z ) ) .
• If z is (±0,+0) , the result is (+0,π/2) .
• If z is (x,+∞) (for any finite x), the result is (+∞,π/2) .
• If z is (x,NaN) (for any ^[1] finite x), the result is (NaN,NaN) and FE_INVALID may be raised.
• If z is (-∞,y) (for any positive finite y), the result is (+∞,π) .
• If z is (+∞,y) (for any positive finite y), the result is (+∞,+0) .
• If z is (-∞,+∞) , the result is (+∞,3π/4) .
• If z is (±∞,NaN) , the result is (+∞,NaN) .
• If z is (NaN,y) (for any finite y), the result is (NaN,NaN) and FE_INVALID may be raised.
• If z is (NaN,+∞) , the result is (+∞,NaN) .
• If z is (NaN,NaN) , the result is (NaN,NaN) .

1. ↑ per C11 DR471 , this holds for non-zero x only. If z is (0,NaN) , the result should be (NaN,π/2) .

Notes

Although the C++ standard names this function "complex arc hyperbolic cosine", the inverse functions of the hyperbolic functions are the area functions. Their argument is the area of a hyperbolic sector, not an arc. The correct name is "complex inverse hyperbolic cosine", and, less common, "complex area hyperbolic cosine".

Inverse hyperbolic cosine is a multivalued function and requires a branch cut on the complex plane. The branch cut is conventionally placed at the line segment (-∞,+1) of the real axis.

The mathematical definition of the principal value of the inverse hyperbolic cosine is acosh z = ln(z + √ z+1 √ z-1 ) .

Example

#include <complex>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::fixed;
    std::complex<double> z1(0.5, 0);
    std::cout << "acosh" << z1 << " = " << std::acosh(z1) << '\n';
 
    std::complex<double> z2(0.5, -0.0);
    std::cout << "acosh" << z2 << " (the other side of the cut) = "
              << std::acosh(z2) << '\n';
 
    // in upper half-plane, acosh = i acos 
    std::complex<double> z3(1, 1), i(0, 1);
    std::cout << "acosh" << z3 << " = " << std::acosh(z3) << '\n'
              << "i*acos" << z3 << " = " << i*std::acos(z3) << '\n';
}

acosh(0.500000,0.000000) = (0.000000,-1.047198)
acosh(0.500000,-0.000000) (the other side of the cut) = (0.000000,1.047198)
acosh(1.000000,1.000000) = (1.061275,0.904557)
i*acos(1.000000,1.000000) = (1.061275,0.904557)

See also