std:: make_shared, std:: make_shared_for_overwrite

In each case, the object (or individual elements if T is an array type) (since C++20) will be destroyed by p - > ~X ( ) , where p is a pointer to the object and X is its type.

Parameters

Return value

std::shared_ptr of an instance of type T .

Exceptions

May throw std::bad_alloc or any exception thrown by the constructor of T . If an exception is thrown, the functions have no effect. If an exception is thrown during the construction of the array, already-initialized elements are destroyed in reverse order. (since C++20)

Notes

This function may be used as an alternative to std:: shared_ptr < T > ( new T ( args... ) ) . The trade-offs are:

• std:: shared_ptr < T > ( new T ( args... ) ) performs at least two allocations (one for the object T and one for the control block of the shared pointer), while std :: make_shared < T > typically performs only one allocation (the standard recommends, but does not require this; all known implementations do this).
• If any std::weak_ptr references the control block created by std::make_shared after the lifetime of all shared owners ended, the memory occupied by T persists until all weak owners get destroyed as well, which may be undesirable if sizeof ( T ) is large.
• std:: shared_ptr < T > ( new T ( args... ) ) may call a non-public constructor of T if executed in context where it is accessible, while std::make_shared requires public access to the selected constructor.
• Unlike the std::shared_ptr constructors, std::make_shared does not allow a custom deleter.
• std::make_shared uses :: new , so if any special behavior has been set up using a class-specific operator new , it will differ from std:: shared_ptr < T > ( new T ( args... ) ) .

A constructor enables shared_from_this with a pointer ptr of type U* means that it determines if U has an unambiguous and accessible (since C++17) base class that is a specialization of std::enable_shared_from_this , and if so, the constructor evaluates if ( ptr ! = nullptr && ptr - > weak_this  . expired ( ) )
ptr - > weak_this = std:: shared_ptr < std:: remove_cv_t < U >>
( * this, const_cast < std:: remove_cv_t < U > * > ( ptr ) ) ; .

The assignment to the weak_this is not atomic and conflicts with any potentially concurrent access to the same object. This ensures that future calls to shared_from_this() would share ownership with the std::shared_ptr created by this raw pointer constructor.

The test ptr - > weak_this  . expired ( ) in the code above makes sure that weak_this is not reassigned if it already indicates an owner. This test is required as of C++17.

Example

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
 
struct C
{
    // constructors needed (until C++20)
    C(int i) : i(i) {}
    C(int i, float f) : i(i), f(f) {}
    int i;
    float f{};
};
 
int main()
{
    // using `auto` for the type of `sp1`
    auto sp1 = std::make_shared<C>(1); // overload (1)
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(sp1), std::shared_ptr<C>>);
    std::cout << "sp1->{ i:" << sp1->i << ", f:" << sp1->f << " }\n";
 
    // being explicit with the type of `sp2`
    std::shared_ptr<C> sp2 = std::make_shared<C>(2, 3.0f); // overload (1)
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(sp2), std::shared_ptr<C>>);
    static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(sp1), decltype(sp2)>);
    std::cout << "sp2->{ i:" << sp2->i << ", f:" << sp2->f << " }\n";
 
    // shared_ptr to a value-initialized float[64]; overload (2):
    std::shared_ptr<float[]> sp3 = std::make_shared<float[]>(64);
 
    // shared_ptr to a value-initialized long[5][3][4]; overload (2):
    std::shared_ptr<long[][3][4]> sp4 = std::make_shared<long[][3][4]>(5);
 
    // shared_ptr to a value-initialized short[128]; overload (3):
    std::shared_ptr<short[128]> sp5 = std::make_shared<short[128]>();
 
    // shared_ptr to a value-initialized int[7][6][5]; overload (3):
    std::shared_ptr<int[7][6][5]> sp6 = std::make_shared<int[7][6][5]>();
 
    // shared_ptr to a double[256], where each element is 2.0; overload (4):
    std::shared_ptr<double[]> sp7 = std::make_shared<double[]>(256, 2.0);
 
    // shared_ptr to a double[7][2], where each double[2]
    // element is {3.0, 4.0}; overload (4):
    std::shared_ptr<double[][2]> sp8 = std::make_shared<double[][2]>(7, {3.0, 4.0});
 
    // shared_ptr to a vector<int>[4], where each vector
    // has contents {5, 6}; overload (4):
    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<int>[]> sp9 =
        std::make_shared<std::vector<int>[]>(4, {5, 6});
 
    // shared_ptr to a float[512], where each element is 1.0; overload (5):
    std::shared_ptr<float[512]> spA = std::make_shared<float[512]>(1.0);
 
    // shared_ptr to a double[6][2], where each double[2] element
    // is {1.0, 2.0}; overload (5):
    std::shared_ptr<double[6][2]> spB = std::make_shared<double[6][2]>({1.0, 2.0});
 
    // shared_ptr to a vector<int>[4], where each vector
    // has contents {5, 6}; overload (5):
    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<int>[4]> spC =
        std::make_shared<std::vector<int>[4]>({5, 6});
}

sp1->{ i:1, f:0 }
sp2->{ i:2, f:3 }

See also