std::ranges:: partition

The function-like entities described on this page are algorithm function objects (informally known as niebloids ), that is:

• Explicit template argument lists cannot be specified when calling any of them.
• None of them are visible to argument-dependent lookup .
• When any of them are found by normal unqualified lookup as the name to the left of the function-call operator, argument-dependent lookup is inhibited.

Parameters

Return value

A subrange starting with an iterator to the first element of the second group and finishing with an iterator equal to last . (2) returns std::ranges::dangling if r is an rvalue of non- borrowed_range type.

Complexity

Given N = ranges:: distance ( first, last ) , exactly N applications of the predicate and projection. At most N / 2 swaps if I models ranges::bidirectional_iterator , and at most N swaps otherwise.

Possible implementation

struct partition_fn
{
    template<std::permutable I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_unary_predicate<std::projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
    constexpr ranges::subrange<I>
        operator()(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        first = ranges::find_if_not(first, last, std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj));
        if (first == last)
            return {first, first};
 
        for (auto i = ranges::next(first); i != last; ++i)
        {
            if (std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj, *i)))
            {
                ranges::iter_swap(i, first);
                ++first;
            }
        }
        return {std::move(first), std::move(last)};
    }
 
    template<ranges::forward_range R, class Proj = std::identity,
             std::indirect_unary_predicate<
                 std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
    requires std::permutable<ranges::iterator_t<R>>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R>
        operator()(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r),
                       std::ref(pred), std::ref(proj));
    }
};
 
inline constexpr partition_fn partition;

Example

#include <algorithm>
#include <forward_list>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <ranges>
#include <vector>
 
namespace ranges = std::ranges;
 
template<class I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, class Cmp = ranges::less>
requires std::sortable<I, Cmp>
void quicksort(I first, S last, Cmp cmp = Cmp {})
{
    using reference = std::iter_reference_t<I>;
 
    if (first == last)
        return;
 
    auto size = ranges::distance(first, last);
    auto pivot = ranges::next(first, size - 1);
    ranges::iter_swap(pivot, ranges::next(first, size / 2));
 
    auto tail = ranges::partition(first, pivot, [=](reference em)
    {
        return std::invoke(cmp, em, *pivot); // em < pivot
    });
 
    ranges::iter_swap(pivot, tail.begin());
    quicksort(first, tail.begin(), std::ref(cmp));
    quicksort(ranges::next(tail.begin()), last, std::ref(cmp));
}
 
int main()
{
    std::ostream_iterator<int> cout {std::cout, " "};
 
    std::vector<int> v {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    std::cout << "Original vector:  \t";
    ranges::copy(v, cout);
 
    auto tail = ranges::partition(v, [](int i) { return i % 2 == 0; });
 
    std::cout << "\nPartitioned vector: \t";
    ranges::copy(ranges::begin(v), ranges::begin(tail), cout);
    std::cout << "│ ";
    ranges::copy(tail, cout);
 
    std::forward_list<int> fl {1, 30, -4, 3, 5, -4, 1, 6, -8, 2, -5, 64, 1, 92};
    std::cout << "\nUnsorted list: \t\t";
    ranges::copy(fl, cout);
 
    quicksort(ranges::begin(fl), ranges::end(fl), ranges::greater {});
    std::cout << "\nQuick-sorted list: \t";
    ranges::copy(fl, cout);
 
    std::cout << '\n';
}

Original vector:        0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Partitioned vector:     0 8 2 6 4 │ 5 3 7 1 9
Unsorted list:          1 30 -4 3 5 -4 1 6 -8 2 -5 64 1 92
Quick-sorted list:      92 64 30 6 5 3 2 1 1 1 -4 -4 -5 -8

See also